環(huán)境、健康與安全

化學(xué)品 - REACH/CLP

REACH 是一項針對化學(xué)品及其安全使用的歐洲法規(guī)。它涉及到化學(xué)物質(zhì)的注冊、評估、授權(quán)和限制。根據(jù) REACH 法規(guī)，制造商和進(jìn)口商可能需要從事的其中一項工作是，收集其商品中所含化學(xué)物質(zhì)的特定屬性信息，然后在歐洲化學(xué)品管理局 (ECHA) 的中央數(shù)據(jù)庫中登記該信息。

除了 REACH 之外，您的商品可能還需要遵守《物質(zhì)和混合物分類、標(biāo)簽和包裝法規(guī)》（CLP 法規(guī)）。CLP 法規(guī)中涉及的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和貼標(biāo)規(guī)則與聯(lián)合國的《全球化學(xué)品統(tǒng)一分類和標(biāo)簽制度》(GHS) 一致。GHS 所基于的原則是，同一危害品在全球范圍內(nèi)的描述和標(biāo)簽都應(yīng)該保持一致。

其他資源

如果您正在銷售電氣或電子設(shè)備，可能需要遵守歐盟有關(guān)危險品使用限制 (RoHS) 及電氣和/或電子設(shè)備 (WEEE) 廢品收集和回收的法規(guī)。

以下是您可能要遵守的 WEEE 法規(guī)要求：

• 在商品上顯示“打叉的帶輪垃圾桶”符號。該標(biāo)志表明商品不得作為常規(guī)垃圾扔棄，而應(yīng)交給指定的回收中心處理。

• 在您銷售相關(guān)商品的任意歐盟成員國，加入經(jīng)授權(quán)的 WEEE 回收再利用計劃。

其他資源

如果您銷售電池或者含有電池的商品，則可能需要遵守《電池指令》。《電池指令》對電池生產(chǎn)商和經(jīng)銷商的責(zé)任做出了具體規(guī)定。

以下是您可能要遵守的要求：

• 在電池上顯示“打叉的帶輪垃圾桶”符號。該標(biāo)志表明電池不得作為常規(guī)垃圾扔棄，而應(yīng)交給指定的回收中心處理。

• 在您銷售電池的歐盟成員國，加入經(jīng)授權(quán)的電池回收再利用計劃。

您在歐盟境內(nèi)銷售的有包裝商品必須符合歐洲包裝與包裝廢棄物法規(guī)。

以下是您可能要遵守的要求：

• 在您銷售商品的任意歐盟成員國，加入經(jīng)授權(quán)的包裝回收再利用計劃。

• 在您的包裝上顯示“可回收”標(biāo)志（例如，“綠點”標(biāo)志）。

插頭和電壓

歐洲各國使用不同類型的插頭，例如：英式長方形三孔插頭和歐式圓形雙孔插頭。另外，您進(jìn)口到歐盟境內(nèi)的商品所需的工作電壓也不盡相同。

請務(wù)必遵守開店平臺所在歐盟成員國有關(guān)插頭和電壓的法規(guī)。特別是確保您的買家能夠安全地使用您的商品。。

其他資源

除其他規(guī)定外，《歐盟玩具安全指令》還要求：在可預(yù)見的正常使用期限內(nèi)，玩具不得對人的健康或安全構(gòu)成任何危害。您也可以在商品上標(biāo)注警示，指出正確的使用方法和使用限制。

其他資源

從簡單的繃帶到最精密的生命維持產(chǎn)品，都在醫(yī)療器械的范疇內(nèi)。如果您的商品屬于醫(yī)療器械，則需要遵守《歐盟醫(yī)療器械指令》。該指令中的一項規(guī)定要求：醫(yī)療器械不得在正確植入、維護(hù)和使用時對病人、用戶或其他人的安全和健康造成危害。

其他資源

歐洲各國對于藥品和化妝品頒布了各種法規(guī)，包括對貼標(biāo)和包裝都有特殊要求。相關(guān)法規(guī)并未協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一。例如：在有些歐盟國家作為非處方藥銷售的商品，在其他歐洲國家則有法律規(guī)定只能在藥店銷售。

其他資源

歐洲對于食品和食用商品有許多法規(guī)限制。歐洲食品法規(guī)尤其致力建立食品和食用商品衛(wèi)生、動物檢疫與安全以及植物檢疫的嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并防止外部物質(zhì)帶來的污染風(fēng)險。

歐洲食品法規(guī)還包括：

• 規(guī)定了食品商品的正確貼標(biāo)規(guī)則。通常，商品的貼標(biāo)語言要求與商品銷售地的歐盟成員國所使用的語言一致。

• 多個歐盟成員國制定了飲料包裝強(qiáng)制退還和回收計劃。

更多詳細(xì)信息，您可以通過以下鏈接查詢：

其他資源

More： 請參閱英國進(jìn)口商品限制列表。

消費者權(quán)利

請注意，此處介紹的這些消費者權(quán)利僅供說明之用，不構(gòu)成任何法律建議，也不能替代您與亞馬遜或直接與消費者之間達(dá)成的任何合同義務(wù)。

取消權(quán)利

除一些例外情況外，如果歐盟的買家一次性在線購買了多件商品，但是每件商品單獨發(fā)貨，則買家有權(quán)在收到訂單中最后一件商品后的 14 天內(nèi)取消購買訂單中的任一件商品。即使您沒有任何過錯，也必須對此商品辦理退款并承擔(dān)運費。您無須退回所有費用，除非下列任何一種情況屬實：

1. 您有過錯。

2. 您同意為買家承擔(dān)所有費用。

3. 您未向買家披露或告知您根據(jù)法律應(yīng)向其披露的費用。

例如，您必須向買家退回普通運費，但不退回買家選擇的服務(wù)所產(chǎn)生的任何額外費用，例如，加急配送費或禮品包裝費。同樣，如果您明確告知買家，則您無須承擔(dān)向您返回商品的費用。

請注意，這些消費者權(quán)利是您與亞馬遜達(dá)成（例如 30 天退貨保證）或直接與消費者達(dá)成的合約性退貨權(quán)利之外的附加權(quán)利。

其他資源

根據(jù)歐盟消費者保護(hù)規(guī)則，商品賣家在歐盟銷售時必須提供 2 年法律保證。這意味著，在商品送達(dá)后的 2 年內(nèi)，您必須對有缺陷的商品進(jìn)行維修、更換或賠償。大部分歐盟成員國會假定商品送達(dá)后 6 個月內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的任何明顯缺陷為在送達(dá)時既已存在，因此您必須負(fù)責(zé)維修、更換或賠償。6 個月后，在大多數(shù)歐盟成員國境內(nèi)（法國除外），您可以要求買家證明商品在送達(dá)時已存在缺陷。您可以在以下歐盟委員會鏈接中找到有關(guān)法律保證的更多信息。

您除了有義務(wù)根據(jù)處理之外，還應(yīng)履行本法律保證義務(wù)。

Environment, health and safety

Chemicals - REACH/CLP

REACH is the European regulation on chemicals and their safe use. It deals with the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances. Under the REACH regulation, one of the things manufacturers and importers may be required to do is to gather certain information on the properties of the chemical substances in their products, and to register the information in a central database run by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

In addition to REACH, the Regulation for Classification, Labeling, and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP Regulation) may apply to your products. The CLP Regulation incorporates the classification criteria and labeling rules agreed at the United Nations level, the so-called Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). GHS is based on the principle that the same hazards should be described and labeled in the same way all around the world.

Europe	Chemicals are everywhere	English
European Chemicals Agency	English
Germany	German REACH-CLP Helpdesk	English
Chemikalien	German
France	REACH: Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Energie	French
Italy	REACH: Ministero dell'Ambiente	Italian
Spain	REACH-CLP	Spanish

If you are selling electrical or electronic equipment, you may be subject to the EU legislation concerning Restrictions of the Use of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and/or the collection and recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).

Some requirements of the WEEE regulations that you may be subject to:

• Display the "crossed-out wheeled bin" symBol on your products. The symbol indicates that the product should not be disposed of as normal waste, but rather in specific recycling centers.

• Join an authorized WEEE collection and recycling scheme in any EU member state in which you sell applicable products.

EU	Recast of the WEEE Directive	English
United Kingdom	Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE)	English
Germany	Stiftung Elektro-Altger?te Register	German
France	DEEE: Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Energie	French
Italy	Centro Di Coordinamento RAEE	Italian
Spain	Registro de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos	Spanish

If you sell batteries or products that contain batteries, you may be subject to the Battery Directive. The Battery Directive imposes specific obligations on producers and distributors of batteries.

Some requirements you may be subject:

• Display the "crossed-out wheeled bin" symbol on your batteries. The symbol indicates that the battery should not be disposed of as normal waste, but rather in specific recycling centers.

• Join an authorized battery collection and recycling scheme in any European member state in which you sell your batteries.

EU	European Commission: Batteries	English
United Kingdom	Environment Agency: Batteries	English
Germany	Bundesumweltamt BattG-Melderegister	German
France	Filières de responsabilité élargie du producteur (REP)	French
Italy	Ministero dell'Ambiente	Italian
Spain	Registro de pilas y acumuladores	Spanish

Packaged products you sell in the EU must comply with the European Packaging and Packaging Waste regulations.

Some requirements you may be subject to:

• Join an authorized packaging collection and recycling scheme in any European member state in which you sell your products.

• Display recycling symbols on your packaging (for example, the "green dot" symbol).

The EU	Packaging and Packaging Waste	English
United Kingdom	Producer responsibility	English
Germany	Abfall | Ressourcen	German
IXPOS Import Regulations	English
France	Les emballages	French
Italy	Ministero dell'Ambiente	Italian
Spain	Management of Packaging	English

Plugs and voltage

Countries in Europe use different types of plugs-for instance, the U.K. 3-pin rectangular plug and the continental European 2-pin round plug. In addition, products you import into the EU might work on a different voltage.

Please ensure that you comply with the regulations on plugs and voltage in any EU member state in which you list your products. In particular, your customers should be able to safely use your products. .

Europe	Electrical Outlet and Adapter Plug International Summary	English
United Kingdom	DTI: PRODUCT STANDARDS	English
France	Legifrance - Retour à l'accueil	French
Germany	IEC - Stecker & Steckdosen	English
Verordnung über die Bereitstellung elektrischer Betriebsmittel zur Verwendung innerhalb bestimmter Spannungsgrenzen auf dem Markt (1.ProdSV)	German
Italy	Testata MSE	Italian
Spain	Laser Measurement Product	Spanish

The European Toys Safety Directive requires, among others things, that it must be possible to use a toy without any danger to one's health or safety during the toy's foreseeable and normal period of use. You may also be required to place warnings on the products that specify the appropriate conditions and limitations of use.

Europe	The safety of toys	English
United Kingdom	DTI Toy Safety	English
Germany	BMEL - Product Safety	English
Sicheres Spielzeug	German
France	La sécurité des jouets	French
Italy	Ministry of Health on Toys	Italian
Spain	La Asociación Espa?ola de Fabricantes de Juguetes (AEFJ)	Spanish

Medical devices range from simple products like bandages to the most sophisticated life-supporting products. If your product is considered a medical device, you may be subject to the European Medical Devices Directive. The Directive requires, among other things, that medical devices shall not compromise the safety and health of patients, or users and other persons when properly implanted, maintained, and used.

Europe	Summaries of European Legislation	English
Medical devices	English
United Kingdom	Healthcare and medical: international trade regulations	English
Germany	BFARM - Medical Devices	English
France	ANSM: dispositifs médicaux	French
Italy	Informazioni generali sugli avvisi di sicurezza - FSN (Field Safety Notice)	Italian
Spain	AEMPS-Medical Devices	Spanish

Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics are subject to various regulations in Europe, including special labeling and packaging requirements. The regulations are only partially harmonized. For example, a product may be sold over-the-counter in some European member states, while in others it may only be legally sold in pharmacies.

Europe	Pharmaceutical and cosmetic products	English
Cosmetics	English
United Kingdom	Regulating Medicines and Medical Devices	English
Germany	BFARM - Medicinal Products	English
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit - Arzneimitteldaten Zentral und Transparent	German
France	ANSM: produits cosmétiques	French
ANSM: medicaments	French
Italy	Informazioni generali sugli avvisi di sicurezza - FSN (Field Safety Notice)	Italian
Spain	Plan de Calidad para el Sistema Nacional de Salud	Spanish

Food and food products are subject to many regulations in Europe. European food regulations in particular aim at establishing high-quality standards for food and food product hygiene, animal health and welfare, and plant health, and prevent the risk of contamination from external substances.

European food regulations include, among many other things, the following:

• Specifying rules on appropriate labeling for food products. Often product labeling is required to be in the language of the European member state where the product is sold.

• Establishing mandatory refund and recycling schemes for beverage packaging in several European member states.

You can find more information at the following links:

Europe	Europa: Food Safety	English
Europa: Health and Consumers - Food	English
European Food Safety Authority	English
United Kingdom	Food Standards Agency	English
Germany	FMFA - Food	English
BLL - Kennzeichnung	German
France	ANSES	French
DGCCRF	French
Italy	Alimenti	Italian
Spain	Alimentación	Spanish

More: See a list of restricted products for import into the United Kingdom.

Consumer rights

Please note that these consumer rights are described for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute any legal advice or substitute for any contractual obligation that you may have agreed upon with Amazon or directly with the consumer.

With some exceptions, consumers in the European Union have the right to cancel a purchase of a product bought online within 14 days of receiving the final item of the order, if they purchased multiple items together that were delivered separately. Even when there is no error from your side, you must refund the item and the shipping costs. You may not have to refund all costs unless one of the following is true:

1. There is an error on your side.

2. You agreed to bear all costs for the consumer.

3. You failed to disclose or inform the customer about the costs that you are legally required to disclose.

For example, you must refund the normal cost of sending the item to the consumer but not any extra costs for services that the customer chooses, such as expedited delivery or gift-wrapping. Similarly, when you expressly inform the consumer, you don't have to bear the cost of returning the product to you.

Please note that these consumer rights are in addition to any contractual return rights that you may have agreed upon with Amazon (e.g. 30-day return guarantee) or directly with the consumer.

Europe	The Directive on Consumer Rights	English
United Kingdom	UK online and distance selling for business	English
Germany	Verbrauchortal	German
France	Loi consommation : e-commerce	French
Achat à distance: droit de rétractation du consommateur
Italy	Decalogue on consumer rights	Italian
Consumer rights information materials
Spain	Derechos básicos de los consumidores	Spanish

Under EU consumer protection rules, the seller of a product must offer a 2-year Legal Warranty when selling in the EU. This means that, during the period of 2 years from the delivery of the product, you must repair, exchange or reimburse a defective product. In most EU countries, any defect that becomes apparent within 6 months from delivery is presumed to have existed at the time of delivery and therefore you must repair, exchange or reimburse it. After 6 months, in most EU countries (France excluded), you can request the customer to prove that the defect already existed at the time of delivery. You can find more information regarding the Legal Warranty in the following link from the European Commission.

This Legal Warranty obligation is in addition to your obligation to process customer returns according to Amazon Return Policy.

Europe	Sales and Guarantees	English
United Kingdom	UK online and distance selling for business	English
Germany	Verbrauchortal	German
France	Achat à distance: livraison du bien ou exécution de la prestation	French
Garantie légale de conformité
Italy	Guidelines on legal warranty	Italian
Spain	Derechos básicos de los consumidores	Spanish

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特別聲明：以上文章內(nèi)容僅代表作者本人觀點，不代表ESG跨境電商觀點或立場。如有關(guān)于作品內(nèi)容、版權(quán)或其它問題請于作品發(fā)表后的30日內(nèi)與ESG跨境電商聯(lián)系。